The traits of traditional mentality in the worldview of the industrial workers of Donechchyna in the second half of the 19th – early 20th century
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31558/3083-5771.2024.2.3Keywords:
history of the Donetsk region in the second half of the 19th – early 20th cen¬turies, workers of industrial enterprises, worldviewAbstract
The article highlights and analyzes the features of the traditional mentality in the worldview of the workers of the Donetsk region in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The research optics of the publication also allowed us to highlight the processes of mental transformations and refute the thesis characteristic of the Soviet discourse about the formation of the working class already in the second half of the 19th century. When working on the problem, general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis were used, which contributed to the isolation of specific worldview imperatives, analyze them and form conclusions. Historical-genetic, historical-comparative and historical-typological methods were used when working with scientific literature, sources, comparing and contrasting the worldview foundations of traditional and industrial society. The study really corresponds to the scientific principles of historicism, scientificity and objectivity. The worldview principles characteristic of the workers of the region are considered specifically and historically in accordance with the realities of the development of the Donetsk region in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries.
The study of sources and scientific literature with the use of the specified scientific tools allowed us to draw conclusions about the duration of the preservation of traditional features of the worldview among the workers of industrial enterprises of the region. This was manifested in the preservation of ties with the rural community, a number of work shifts on holidays and in mining fields. Providentialism, fatalism, and belief in supernatural spirits, characteristic of traditional society, remained characteristic of the workers. In social relations, the workers preferred shortterm ties to create workers’ artels, transferring models of behavior with landowners to relations with the administration of enterprises.
The conclusions formed can expand and deepen knowledge of the history of the workers of the Donetsk region in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries, actualize the mental dimension of their creation, which is one of the most difficult in the process of creation and interpretation.
The presented publication does not exhaust the research topic, which can be developed in the direction of studying such aspects as the marriage of workers, family practices, raising children, religiosity and its transformation.
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