The first factories of Donbas and their role in the development of industry in the South of Ukraine
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31558/3083-5771.2024.1.2Keywords:
Donbas, Southern Ukraine, metallurgical industry, hard coal, cast ironAbstract
The purpose of the article is to consider the issue of the organization of coal-fired me¬tallurgical production in the South of Ukraine, in particular in Donbas. The research metho¬dology is based on comparison strategies, typology, and principles of historicism. The logic of the presentation of the material is based on the problem-historical principle, which allows us to reveal the first steps in the development of the metallurgical industry of the Ukrainian South in a chronological sequence.
The scientific novelty of the exploration is connected with the fact that the issue of analysing the location and role of the first ironworks of Donbas in the formation of the industrial South of Ukraine is still relevant and requires special research.
Attempts to organize an exemplary factory-type metallurgical enterprise on the basis of southern state-owned metallurgical plants turned out to be fruitless. At none of them (Lu¬hansky, Petrovsky, Lysychansky) it was not possible to establish the systematic opera-tion of the blast furnaces. The cost of cast iron was extremely high. And in the end, experi-ments on metal smelting on mineral fuel were not proven before industrial implementation here. However, regardless of this, the first southern metallurgical plants played a very im-portant role in the history of the Ukrainian metallurgical industry. First of all, experi-mental smelting of cast iron at the Petrovsky and Lysychansk factories under the leader-ship of prominent mining engineers gave a positive answer for the first time to the question of the possibility of creating and developing metal production in the South on a fundamen-tally new (machine) basis. In connection with this, mining engineers explored significant industrial reserves of hard coal (including coking coal), iron ore, and refractory materials in Donbas; secondly, the process of coking, known until now in the country only theoreti-cally, has now gained practical application.
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